Eficacia de los fluoruros para la prevención de caries dental: una revisión narrativa
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En odontología, el flúor ha permitido mermar la prevalencia de infección por caries dental, tanto en la población infantil como adulta. El objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia de los fluoruros para la prevención de caries dental, a través de su mecanismo de acción, vías de administración y efectos adversos por su aplicación indiscriminada. Se realizó un estudio de tipo revisión narrativa y se elaboraron preguntas PICO para el desarrollo de esta. La búsqueda se realizó en bases de datos como PubMed, Lilacs y el buscador Google Académico; se utilizó aplicativo web RAYYAN. El flúor es ampliamente usado en odontología, dentro de la práctica clínica se encuentran fluoruro de sodio, fluoruro estañoso y fluoruro fosfato acidulado. Este mineral se puede administrar en dos formas, sistémica y tópica; sin embargo, su uso indiscriminado puede causar fluorosis dental e intoxicaciones. Se concluye que la aplicación de flúor, aunado a políticas que promuevan la salud bucodental lograría reducir los índices de caries en las poblaciones intervenidas. Además, la capacitación constante del odontólogo permitirá incrementar el éxito en la aplicación de fluoruros, evitando efectos adversos.
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