Análisis térmico de vigas de concreto reforzado sometidas a incendio localizado usando modelos FDC-FEM
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La versatilidad y la alta capacidad de carga del concreto reforzado son las principales razones de su masivo empleo en diversas infraestructuras como edificios, puentes, entre otras. Fuera de las cargas normales de operación estas estructuras, pueden ser sometidas a cargas accidentales como las generadas por incendios localizados. La normativa actual ofrece algunas opciones de análisis de esta clase de fenómenos. Los modelos basados en la Fluidodinámica Computacional (FDC) son los más adecuados; sin embargo, dada su complejidad su uso es poco extendido, optándose por metodologías simplificadas. Este trabajo muestra una metodología que acopla modelos en FDC para la simulación del incendio y térmicos en el Elementos Finitos (EF), para la obtención del campo de temperaturas de una viga de concreto reforzado sometida a un escenario de incendio localizado. El análisis se realizó con un modelo unidireccional secuencialmente acoplado en el cual, después de extraer los coeficientes de transferencia de calor y las temperaturas de la superficie adiabática del modelo en FDC, se incluyen estos valores (previa manipulación mediante un programa en FORTRAN) en el modelo de EF, para obtener los campos de temperaturas.
Con los resultados obtenidos se concluye como el empleo de esta metodología, permite estimar adecuadamente las temperaturas en la viga para el caso considerado, siendo posible utilizarlos en un posterior análisis termo-mecánico.
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